What type of foundation is typically used on stable soils with high bearing capacity?

The choice of typical footings in stem walls as the correct answer stems from the nature of stable soils with high bearing capacity. In such cases, the load-bearing capacity of the soil is sufficient to support the structure without the need for more complex or deeper foundations.

Typical footings in stem walls are designed to distribute building loads over a wide area directly onto the soil. These footings can effectively handle the pressures exerted by the structure because the strong performance of the underlying soil minimizes concerns related to settlement or lateral movement. Additionally, this type of foundation is simpler and more cost-effective compared to other types, making it suitable for conditions where the soil's characteristics allow for more straightforward construction practices.

In contrast, options like piles and grade beams or mat foundations are typically used in situations where soil conditions are less than ideal, such as weaker or more variable soils that require additional support to prevent settlement. Raft foundations also serve similar purposes for larger structures or where soil conditions demand a uniform load distribution over a broader area, yet are not necessary when dealing with stable soils that can adequately support typical footings. Thus, in scenarios where stable soils are present, typical footings in stem walls are the most appropriate and efficient choice.